home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Fritz: All Fritz
/
All Fritz.zip
/
All Fritz
/
FILES
/
GRAPTIES
/
VERSMAP2.LZH
/
VMAP.DOC
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1992-09-01
|
127KB
|
2,623 lines
VERSAMAP (version 1.20)
1 September 1992
Copyright 1991, 1992 by Charles H. Culberson
8 Ritter Lane
Newark, Delaware 19711
CONTENTS PAGE
1. Introduction 2
2. Computer Requirements for Running VERSAMAP 2
3. Disclaimer 3
4. Registration 3
5. Installing VERSAMAP 4
6. Plotting the Default World Map 7
7. Finding your Way with Latitude and Longitude 8
8. Keys with Special Functions in VERSAMAP 9
a. Esc 9
b. Alt 10
c. Exit the program 10
d. Letter T 10
e. Letter B 10
f. Using a mouse 10
g. Moving around windows 11
9. Running VERSAMAP 11
a. VERSAMAP Defaults 11
b. VERSAMAP Pull-down Menus 12
1. Projection menu 12
2. Map Design menu 16
3. Input/Output menu 23
4. Run menu 31
10. Sources of Digital Map Data for use with VERSAMAP 31
a. World Data Bank I 31
b. Micro World Data Bank II 31
c. The World Digitized 32
d. Cartog 33
e. USGS Digital Line Graph Data 33
f. Importing Your Own Data into VERSAMAP 34
11. Use of VERSAMAP with Graphing Programs 36
12. Program Compatibility 37
13. Acknowledgements 39
14. Registration Form 40
15. Index 41
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 1
1. Introduction
Welcome to VERSAMAP! VERSAMAP is a versatile mapping program which
will transform spherical latitude, longitude values into planar x,y
map coordinates and plot them on a map projection of your choice.
VERSAMAP can print the resulting map on the screen and on dot matrix
or laser printers. Maps can be exported as .PCX, .PIC, .CGM, or
ASCII files, for use with paint programs, word processors, and
presentation or technical graphics programs. VERSAMAP is supplied
with Courier and Helvetica fonts which allow text to be added to
maps displayed on the screen.
The VERSAMAP disk(s) should contain the following files:
VMAPREAD.ME -- how to get started
VMAP.EXE -- the mapping program
VMAP.MAP -- digital map of the world (14,000 points)
VMAPFAST.MAP -- small digital world map (3,000 points). Use
this map if VMAP.MAP plots too slowly on your
computer.
VMAP.DOC -- instruction manual
VMAPUSER.PRN -- sample file in user supplied data record
format. Use this input file to study the
different symbols that can be plotted.
VMAP_FIX.MPS -- a small file used to concatenate World
Digitized binary map files
VMAP_FIX.MP1 -- a small file used to concatenate World
Digitized ASCII map files.
REGISTER.DOC -- registration form
MSHERC.COM -- driver for Hercules mono graphics
COUR_CGA.FON -- fixed-space Courier font for CGA, MCGA
COUR_EGA.FON -- fixed-space Courier font for EGA, Hercules
COUR_VGA.FON -- fixed-space Courier font for VGA
HELV_CGA.FON -- proportional Helvetica font for CGA, MCGA
HELV_EGA.FON -- proportional Helvetica font for EGA, Hercules
HELV_VGA.FON -- proportional Helvetica font for VGA
Please make backup copies of these files before running the program.
2. Computer Requirements for Running VERSAMAP
MS-DOS 3.0 or higher;
CGA, MCGA, EGA, VGA, or Hercules mono graphics;
640K memory;
a math coprocessor is not required but VERSAMAP will run
3-4 times faster if one is installed.
VERSAMAP will not change your AUTOEXEC.BAT or CONFIG.SYS files, it
will not alter your keyboard settings, and it will not write any
files to disk without your permission.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 2
3. Disclaimer
Users of VERSAMAP must accept this disclaimer of warranty:
"VERSAMAP is supplied as is. The author disclaims all warranties,
expressed or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties
of merchantability and of fitness for any purpose. The author
assumes no liability for damages, direct or consequential, which may
result from the use of VERSAMAP."
4. Registration
Shareware distribution gives users a chance to try software before
buying it. VERSAMAP is a "shareware program" and is provided at no
charge to the user for evaluation. If you find this program useful
and find that you continue to use VERSAMAP after a reasonable trial
period, you must register the program. The registration fee will
license one copy for use on any one computer at any one time. You
must treat this software just like a book. An example is that this
software may be used by any number of people and may be freely moved
from one computer location to another, so long as there is no
possibility of it being used at one location while it's being used
at another. Just as a book cannot be read by two different persons
at the same time.
Registration of the program is $15 in the United States or Canada
($20 in other countries), for which you will receive a copy of the
most recent version of the program, plus 2 additional digital map
files, MWDB5.ALL (4,000 points) and MWDB3.ALL (26,000 points).
Registration entitles you to mail and telephone support concerning
problems you encounter with VERSAMAP. A registration form is
included in the file REGISTER.DOC, and also on page 40 of this
manual.
Persons living outside the United States can register VERSAMAP by
obtaining a Postal Money Order payable in U.S. dollars from their
National Post Office; or by personal check in their local currency
at the current exchange rate.
You are encouraged to share a copy of VERSAMAP with your friends for
evaluation. Please encourage them to register their copy if they
find it useful.
Anyone distributing VERSAMAP for any kind of remuneration must first
contact Charles Culberson at the address on the registration form
for authorization. This authorization will be automatically granted
to distributors recognized by the Association of Shareware
Professionals as adhering to its guidelines for shareware
distributors, and such distributors may begin offering VERSAMAP
immediately. However Charles Culberson must still be advised so
that the distributor can be kept up-to-date with the latest version
of VERSAMAP.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 3
This program is produced by a member of the Association of Shareware
Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware
principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a
shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the
member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can
help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does
not provide technical support for members' products. Please write
to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 or send
a CompuServe message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman
70007,3536. The Ombudsman may be contacted by FAX by sending to the
ASP FAX number: (616) 788-2765. In communication with the Ombudsman
please include a telephone number and/or FAX if available.
5. Installing VERSAMAP
VERSAMAP is distributed in several different forms: (1) as a
complete set of uncompressed files, (2) as a compressed .ZIP file,
and (3) as a compressed, self-extracting .EXE file. VERSAMAP
installation is a simple process of copying the contents of the
VERSAMAP distribution disk(s) to your hard drive or to a second
floppy disk, and expanding the files if necessary.
VERSAMAP does not require a hard disk, but you may not have enough
free disk space available, if you attempt to save digital maps
output by VERSAMAP onto the floppy disk containing the VERSAMAP
files. This is especially true for low density floppy disks.
To run VERSAMAP, once it has been installed, change to the directory
containing the VERSAMAP files, type VMAP at the DOS prompt, and then
press the Enter key.
Hard and Floppy Disk Installation
Self-extracting version
To expand the self-extracting form of VERSAMAP onto a hard disk or
any size floppy disk:
1. Insert the VERSAMAP distribution disk into disk drive A.
2. Change to drive A using the DOS Change Directory command
(e.g., CD A:).
3. Type the name of the self-extracting file (e.g., type VMAPS if
the self-extracting file is VMAPS.EXE) at the DOS prompt, press
the Enter key, and follow the instructions on the screen. Once
the instructions have been displayed, you may stop installation
and return to DOS by pressing N.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 4
Hard and Floppy Disk Installation
ZIP version
You will need a copy of the PKUNZIP utility program to expand the
compressed .ZIP form of VERSAMAP. PKUNZIP is available from most
shareware distributors and bulletin boards.
The following instructions describe the steps necessary to unzip the
compressed .ZIP file into a subdirectory called VERSAMAP on hard
drive C.
1. First, use the DOS MKDIR command to create the VERSAMAP
subdirectory to hold the uncompressed files
(e.g., MKDIR C:\VERSAMAP).
2. Use the DOS COPY command to copy the VERSAMAP .ZIP file and the
unzipping program, PKUNZIP.EXE, into subdirectory VERSAMAP.
3. Change to the VERSAMAP subdirectory using the DOS Change
Directory command (e.g., CD C:\VERSAMAP).
4. To unzip the VERSAMAP files from a file called VMAP.ZIP, type
the following command at the DOS prompt,
PKUNZIP VMAP.ZIP
and press the Enter key.
To unzip the VERSAMAP files onto floppy disk(s), you may need to
unzip the files, one file at a time. Consult the PKUNZIP
instructions for the commands necessary to extract the VERSAMAP
files onto a floppy disk. The help screen for PKUNZIP can be
displayed by changing to the directory containing PKUNZIP, typing
PKUNZIP at the DOS prompt, and pressing Enter.
Hard Disk Installation
Uncompressed version
To install VERSAMAP on a hard disk (e.g. drive C):
1. Use the DOS MKDIR command to create a new subdirectory called
VERSAMAP to hold the program (e.g., MKDIR C:\VERSAMAP).
2. Change to the new subdirectory using the DOS Change Directory
command (e.g., CD C:\VERSAMAP).
3. Insert the VERSAMAP distribution disk into your disk drive
(e.g., drive A).
4. Use the DOS COPY command to copy all files on the floppy disk to
subdirectory VERSAMAP on the hard disk (e.g., COPY /B A:\*.*).
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 5
5. Remove the floppy disk from the disk drive.
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 if you received the VERSAMAP software on
more than 1 floppy disk.
VERSAMAP is now installed.
Floppy Disk Installation (1.2M, 5.25"; 720K or 1.2M 3.5")
Uncompressed version
To install the uncompressed form of VERSAMAP onto a floppy disk
(e.g., drive B) with at least 720K free disk space:
1. Place a new, formatted disk in drive B.
2. Change to drive B using the DOS Change Directory command
(e.g., CD B:).
3. Insert the VERSAMAP distribution disk into disk drive A.
4. Use the DOS COPY command to copy all files on the VERSAMAP
distribution disk to the floppy disk in drive B
(e.g., COPY /B A:\*.*).
5. Remove the VERSAMAP distribution disk from disk drive A.
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 if you received the VERSAMAP software on
more than 1 distribution disk.
VERSAMAP is now installed.
Floppy Disk Installation (360K, 5.25")
Uncompressed version
To install the uncompressed form of VERSAMAP onto a 360K, 5.25"
floppy disk (e.g., drive B):
1. Place a new, formatted disk (labeled disk #1) in drive B.
2. Change to drive B using the DOS Change Directory command
(e.g., CD B:).
3. Insert the VERSAMAP distribution disk into disk drive A.
4. Use the DOS COPY command to copy the files VMAP.EXE, VMAP.MAP,
and the 2 .FON files for your monitor type from the VERSAMAP
distribution disk to the floppy disk in drive B
(e.g., COPY /B A:\VMAP.EXE). Repeat this command for each of
the 4 files.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 6
5. Remove disk #1 from drive B.
6. Place a new, formatted disk (labeled disk #2) in drive B.
7. Use the DOS COPY command to copy the remaining files from the
VERSAMAP distribution disk to the floppy disk in drive B
(e.g., COPY /B A:\VMAP.DOC). Repeat this command for each file
to be copied.
8. Remove the VERSAMAP distribution disk from disk drive A.
9. Remove disk #2 from drive B.
10. Place disk #1 in drive B.
VERSAMAP is now installed.
6. Plotting the Default World Map
Before reading the rest of the manual, let's plot a map of the world
on the screen. This will familiarize you with the operation of
VERSAMAP. The rest of the manual should make more sense once you
have actually used VERSAMAP.
VERSAMAP has built in defaults which plot a world map, from 80 N to
80 S latitude, and from 180 W to 180 E longitude, on a Mercator
projection. The default settings will not print any files to disk.
To run VERSAMAP with the default settings:
1. place the VERSAMAP disk containing the files,
VMAP.EXE and VMAP.MAP, in your disk drive
2. change to that drive
3. type VMAP
4. press the Enter key.
A screen with a menu bar across the top will appear once the program
has loaded. The pull-down menus are selected by pressing the Alt
key, followed by the highlighted letter of the desired menu; or by
pointing and clicking the left mouse button.
To plot the world map:
1. press the Alt key, to access the menus
2. press R, to select the Run menu
3. press Enter, to select the Size 100% option and begin
the plot.
To plot the default map, the map file, VMAP.MAP, must be in the
current directory.
When the map begins plotting, the top line of the screen will
display (1) a reminder that pressing the Esc key will terminate
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 7
plotting and return you to the menu bar; (2) the name of the map
input file being read, VMAP.MAP in this case; and (3) the number of
points which have been plotted.
The menu bar will reappear when the map is finished plotting. The
default map takes 35 seconds to plot on a 16MHz 386SX computer
equipped with a math coprocessor; it takes 15 minutes to plot on an
original 5MHz IBM PC without a math coprocessor.
To exit the program and return to DOS:
1. press the Esc key, to halt plotting;
2. press the Alt key, to access the menus;
3. press P, to select the Projection menu;
4. press X from the Projection menu to exit the program.
Pressing the Esc key halts program execution and returns you to the
menu bar. Pressing Esc will not exit the program.
Please read the rest of the instruction manual before attempting to
plot maps which do not use the default parameters.
If VMAP.MAP plots too slowly on your computer, try using the map
file VMAPFAST.MAP. This file contains only 3,000 points. It takes
7 seconds to plot on a 16MHz 386SX computer, and 3.3 minutes on a
5MHz IBM PC.
7. Finding your Way with Latitude and Longitude
To use this program you should be familiar with the concepts of
latitude and longitude.
Latitude is the angular distance (in degrees) of a point on the
earth's surface north or south of the equator. The maximum values
of latitude are 90 N (north pole) and 90 S (south pole). The
equator is 0 N/S latitude.
Longitude is the angular distance (in degrees) of a point on the
earth's surface east or west of the meridian that passes through
Greenwich, England. The maximum values of longitude are 180 W and
180 E (the international date line). The meridian passing through
Greenwich is 0 E/W longitude.
Latitude and longitude values in VERSAMAP are entered as degrees,
minutes, seconds. There are 60 seconds in 1 minute, and 60 minutes
in 1 degree. One degree of latitude is equal to 60 nautical miles
(1 nautical mile = 6076 feet = 1.852 kilometers = 1.1508 statute
miles). One minute of latitude is equal to 1 nautical mile. One
second of latitude is equal to 101 feet (31 meters).
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 8
For example, the position for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, written as
degrees, minutes, and seconds (22 degrees, 53 minutes, 43 seconds
south latitude; 43 degrees, 13 minutes, 22 seconds west longitude)
is,
Deg Min Sec
latitude = 22 53 43 S
longitude = 43 13 22 W
The position for Paris, France (48 degrees, 50 minutes, 14 seconds
north latitude; 2 degrees, 20 minutes, 14 seconds east longitude)
is,
Deg Min Sec
latitude = 48 50 14 N
longitude = 02 20 14 E
If you are unfamiliar with the use of latitude and longitude to
locate points on the surface of the earth, please consult an
encyclopedia or an atlas.
A easily understandable introduction to the theory of map
projections is the book:
Porter W. McDonnell. 1979. Introduction to Map Projections.
Marcel Dekker, New York.
A detailed discussion of the map projections used in this program,
showing actual plots, is given in:
John P. Snyder and Philip M. Voxland. 1989. An Album of Map
Projections. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1453.
U.S. Government Printing Office. 249 pages. $14.
8. Keys with Special Functions in VERSAMAP
Esc
Pressing the Esc key halts program execution and returns you to the
menu bar. Pressing Esc will not exit the program.
If you are in the process of plotting or printing a map, the program
checks the Esc key each time the record number or point, shown in
the upper right corner of the screen, is updated. Consequently, the
program may take several seconds to respond after Esc is pressed.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 9
There is one situation in which pressing Esc will not return you to
the menu bar. If you are in the LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE LIMITS or
SELECTION OF STANDARD PARALLELS windows, and have entered an
incorrect latitude or longitude value, VERSAMAP will issue an error
message and force you to enter a correct value before you can leave
the window.
Alt
Pull-down menus are selected by pressing the Alt key, followed by
the highlighted letter of the desired menu. Individual menu items
are selected by pressing the highlighted letter of each item; by
moving through the menu with the up or down cursor keys, and then
pressing Enter to select the item; or by moving the mouse cursor
over the desired item and pressing the left mouse button.
Exit the program
To exit the program and return to DOS:
1. press the Esc key, to halt plotting or erase the current
window;
2. press the Alt key, to access the menus;
3. press P, to select the Projection menu;
4. press X from the Projection menu to exit the program.
If a window is on the screen or a map is in the process of being
drawn, you must press Esc before you can access the menus and exit
the program.
Letter T
Pressing the letter T toggles the menu bar on and off; and replaces
it with the name of the current projection, and the time taken to
draw the current map. You must press T a second time, or press Esc,
to redisplay the menu bar and reactivate the pull-down menus.
Letter B
Pressing the letter B erases the menu bar and changes the background
color of the menu bar to the background color of the map. This
feature is useful if you use a screen-capture program to print maps
to disk or printer. You must press B a second time, or press Esc,
to redisplay the menu bar and reactivate the pull-down menus.
Using a mouse
Most VERSAMAP features can be accessed by pointing and clicking the
left mouse button. Windows and pull-down menus can be closed by
clicking the left mouse button when the mouse cursor is outside the
window or menu box.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 10
Moving around windows
The windows which pop up when menu selections are made contain
several types of items: (1) input fields; (2) vertical list boxes;
and (3) pushbuttons.
Input fields allow numeric and alphabetic input into the program.
An example of a window with numeric input fields is the LATITUDE AND
LONGITUDE LIMITS window selected by pressing Alt, then M, then M.
You can move within an input field with the right, left, Home, and
End cursor keys. To enter data into an input field, type the
correct characters from the keyboard, and press Enter.
Vertical list boxes allow one or more items in a list to be chosen.
An example of a window with a vertical list box is the SELECT MICRO
WORLD DATA BANK II FEATURES window selected by pressing Alt, then M,
then F. Move through the list with the up and down cursor keys, and
select the correct item(s) by pressing the Space Bar or Enter. The
item(s) selected will be highlighted or indicated with a checkmark.
If the number of items in the list is too large to fit inside the
box, a scroll bar will appear along the right side of the box,
allowing all items to be viewed.
Pushbuttons, indicated by text inside brackets, such as < OK >,
allow the user to control program execution. An example of a window
with a pushbutton is the MAP PLACEMENT ON PAGE IN INCHES window
selected by pressing Alt, then I, then P. The text inside the
brackets indicates the action to be taken when the pushbutton is
selected. The brackets of the currently active pushbutton are
highlighted, and its text is shown in all capital letters. To
select a pushbutton, tab to that button and press Enter.
Use the Tab key to move between items when more than one list box or
pushbutton occur in a window.
9. Running VERSAMAP
VERSAMAP Defaults
Each map projection in VERSAMAP has built in latitude/longitude
defaults which are active the first time you access the projection
during each session with VERSAMAP. These defaults allow you to plot
maps using each map projection without getting error messages. The
defaults are only active the first time you access a particular map
projection. For instance, if you access the Mercator projection,
then the Equirectangular projection, and finally return to the
Mercator projection, the latitude limits of the grid will be those
of the previous Equirectangular projection, 90 N/S, and you will get
an error message if you attempt to plot a Mercator projection
without changing the graticule.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 11
VERSAMAP Pull-down Menus
The following paragraphs provide a detailed discussion of each
VERSAMAP pull-down menu. For your first experience with VERSAMAP
you should run the program with its default settings (see Section 6
above).
When VERSAMAP is started, the following menu bar appears at the top
of the screen.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Projection Map Design Input/Output Run
-----------------------------------------------------------------
When you begin plotting a map, by selecting an option in the Run
menu, the menu bar is replaced by the following line. This line is
not a menu bar, it is for your information only.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Esc: goto menu Input file: Reading record:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
While a map is plotting, the top line of the screen displays (1) a
reminder that pressing the Esc key will terminate plotting and
return you to the menu bar; (2) the name of the current map input
file; and (3) the number of points which have been plotted.
Once the map is completed, the menu bar reappears on the top line.
Projection menu
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Projection Map Design Input/Output Run
+----------------------------------------------------------------
| Mercator |
| Equirectangular |
| Equidistant conic |
| Lambert conformal conic |
| Albers equal-area |
| Gnomonic |
| Lambert azimuthal equal-area |
| Hammer (-Aitoff) equal-area |
|-------------------------------|
| Exit |
+-------------------------------+
This menu lists the map projections on which you can plot your map.
The Gnomonic and Lambert azimuthal equal-area projections allow you
to plot your data in polar or equatorial aspects.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 12
Mercator
On this projection, meridians and parallels are parallel lines
perpendicular to each other. Meridians are equally spaced,
parallels are unequally spaced. The north and south poles cannot be
plotted because they project to infinity.
The scale is true along the equator, or along two parallels
equidistant from the equator. Since the scale increases rapidly
away from the equator, the areas of polar regions are greatly
exaggerated compared to those of equatorial regions.
The Mercator projection is commonly used for maps of the world, and
is designed so that straight lines on the map are rhumb lines (lines
of constant compass bearing). This is a useful property in
navigation and many nautical charts use Mercator projections.
Equirectangular
Meridians and parallels are equally spaced parallel lines
perpendicular to each other. The scale is true along the two
standard parallels and along all meridians. The scale along
parallels is too small between the equator and the standard
parallels, and too large between the standard parallels and the
poles.
The map can be visualized as projected on a cylinder which
intersects the globe at two standard parallels equidistant from the
equator. VERSAMAP allows the user to select the latitude of the
standard parallels.
The fact that meridians and parallels are equally spaced makes
interpolation easy. The projection is useful for maps of small
regions, since distortion is not large if one of the standard
parallels is chosen to bisect the region under consideration.
Equidistant Conic
Meridians are equally spaced lines converging at a point beyond one
of the poles. Parallels are equally spaced circular arcs centered
on the point where the meridians converge. The poles are circular
arcs of infinite scale. Distortion on the projection is
intermediate between that of equal-area and conformal conic
projections.
The scale is true along meridians and along two standard parallels.
VERSAMAP allows the user to select the latitudes of the standard
parallels.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 13
Lambert Conformal Conic
Meridians are equally spaced lines converging at a point, which is
one of the poles. Parallels are unequally spaced circular arcs
centered on the point where the meridians converge. The pole
opposite the point of convergence cannot be shown.
The scale is true along two standard parallels, which VERSAMAP
allows the user to select. The projection is conformal: the scale
is the same in all directions at a given point.
Albers Equal-Area Conic
Meridians are equally spaced lines converging at a point beyond one
of the poles. Parallels are unequally spaced circular arcs centered
on the point where the meridians converge. The poles are shown as
circular arcs of infinite scale.
The scale is true along two standard parallels, which VERSAMAP
allows the user to select. Since the projection is equal area, the
scale at any point on a meridian is the reciprocal of the scale
along a parallel at that point.
Gnomonic
The primary feature of gnomonic projections is that great circles
plot as straight lines. Thus the shortest distance between two
points on this map is the straight line connecting them.
VERSAMAP allows the user to select either the POLAR or EQUATORIAL
aspect of this projection.
In the polar aspect, meridians are equally spaced straight lines
converging at the pole. Parallels are unequally spaced circles
centered on the pole. The equator and the opposite pole cannot be
shown.
In the equatorial aspect, meridians are unequally spaced parallel
lines. Only meridians within 90 degrees of the central meridian can
be shown. The equator is a straight line; other parallels are arcs
concave toward the nearest pole. The poles cannot be shown.
To allow more detail to be shown, VERSAMAP truncates the cusps of
the equatorial gnomonic projection, and plots the map in the form of
a rectangle. For maps which span the equator, the maximum and
minimum latitudes of the grid are represented by points on the
central meridian at the top and bottom margins of the plot. For
maps which lie north of the equator, the maximum latitude is
represented by a single point on the central meridian at the top of
the plot. For maps lying south of the equator, the minimum latitude
is represented by a single point on the central meridian at the
bottom of the plot.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 14
The scale of the projection is only correct where the central
parallel crosses the central meridian.
Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area
VERSAMAP allows the user to select either the POLAR or EQUATORIAL
aspect of this projection.
In the polar aspect, meridians are equally spaced straight lines
converging at one of the poles. Parallels are unequally spaced
circles centered on the pole. The opposite pole is a circle.
In the equatorial aspect, the central meridian is a straight line.
Other meridians are curves concave to the central meridian and
intersecting at the poles. The equator is a straight line; other
parallels are arcs concave toward the nearest pole. VERSAMAP
requires that the range of longitude for the equatorial aspect of
this projection be no greater than 180 degrees (one hemisphere).
The scale of the projection is only correct at the center of the
projection.
Hammer (-Aitoff) Equal-Area
This projection is useful for equal area maps of the entire world.
The central meridian is a straight line. Other meridians are curves
concave to the central meridian and intersecting at the poles. The
equator is a straight line; other parallels are arcs concave toward
the nearest pole.
The scale of the projection is only correct along the equator and
the central meridian.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 15
Map Design menu
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Projection Map Design Input/Output Run
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| Map Boundaries |
| Standard Parallels |
| Graticule Type |
| Geographic Features |
|-----------------------|
| Add Text to Map |
| Select Font |
| Display Previous Text |
|-----------------------|
| Save Map Design |
| Recall Map Design |
+-----------------------+
This menu allows you to modify the design of your map. You may
change the boundaries of the map; select the standard parallels, if
any; define the type of grid superimposed upon the map; select the
geographic features (shorelines, islands, rivers, political
boundaries) that you wish to plot; add text to the map; and save
your selected map parameters for recall at a later time.
Map Boundaries
After selecting this item, a window appears in which the latitude
and longitude limits of the map projection are entered. Data
entered on this screen define the area to be plotted, and the
spacing of latitude and longitude grid marks on the finished map.
Once you have completed the entire screen, the program checks for
errors in the latitude/longitude limits of your map projection, and
for errors in grid spacing. If the program detects an error, it
prints an error message on the screen telling you to correct the
mistake.
For instance, the program will not allow a Mercator projection to be
plotted if the Northernmost latitude is 90 N (north pole) or if the
Southernmost latitude is 90 S (south pole). Try entering 90 N as
the Northernmost latitude limit for a Mercator projection. In this
case, an error message will appear, forcing you to edit the data.
VERSAMAP requires that the grid spacing you select yield equally
spaced divisions between the northern- and southernmost latitudes,
and between the western- and easternmost longitudes. You will get
an error message, requiring you to edit the data, if the DEGREES
BETWEEN GRID MARKS that you have chosen does not yield equally
spaced divisions along the axes.
If you get an error message, you must correct the error before you
can leave the window!
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 16
Standard Parallels
After selecting this item, a window appears in which the latitudes
of the standard parallels are entered.
Conic Map Projections:
The conic projections in this program (equidistant conic, Lambert
conformal conic, Albers equal-area) require that you select 2
standard parallels of latitude. The scale of the map is true along
the standard parallels; the spacing of the parallels determines the
angle between meridians on the map.
There are 2 constraints on selection of the standard parallels:
1. they must lie between the northern- and southernmost
latitudes of your grid; and
2. they cannot be symmetrical about the equator. Standard
parallels at 20 N and 20 S are not allowed.
The program places default values for the standard parallels at 1/6
and 5/6 of the distance between the northern- and southernmost
latitudes of the grid.
When this screen appears, the cursor will be in the first position
of the degrees column of the northernmost standard parallel. If the
default values are acceptable, TAB to the < ok > button and press
Enter to continue.
To change the values, TAB to the line to be edited, enter the new
value in the field you wish to edit, and press Enter. The cursor
will skip to the next field. Enter a new value if desired and press
Enter. Continue until you have edited the last field. When done,
TAB to the < ok > button and press Enter.
If you attempt to enter standard parallels which are equally spaced
about the equator, the program will print an error message and force
you to change the latitude of one or both of the parallels.
Equirectangular Map Projection:
This projection requires 2 standard parallels at equal distances
north and south of the equator. You may only select the northern
standard parallel. The other parallel is automatically placed in
the southern hemisphere at an equal distance from the equator.
The program places default values for the standard parallels at 1/2
the distance between the northern- and southernmost latitudes of the
grid if the northern- and southernmost latitudes lie in the same
hemisphere. If the northern- and southernmost latitudes of the grid
lie in opposite hemispheres, then the standard parallels are placed
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 17
at 1/2 the distance between the equator and whichever of the
northern- or southernmost latitudes of the grid lies closer to a
pole.
When this screen appears, the cursor will be in the first position
of the degrees column of the northernmost standard parallel. If the
default values are acceptable, TAB to the < ok > button and press
Enter to continue.
To change the values, enter a new value in the field being edited
and press Enter. The cursor will skip to the next field. Enter a
new value if desired and press Enter. Continue until you have
edited the last field. When done, TAB to the < ok > button and
press Enter.
Graticule Type
This window allows you to select the type of grid that you wish
superimposed on your map. You have several choices, including
plotting the graticule as points, or with the points connected by
lines. The last menu item will plot your map without any latitude
and longitude markings whatsoever.
To get a quick view of the appearance of the different grid choices,
select a grid type and then enter a null string (i.e. no file
specification) for the map input file path name. In this case, the
program will plot the graticule, but no map, on the screen.
Geographic Features
After selecting this item, a window appears which contains a list of
geographic features (coastlines, islands, lakes, rivers, countries,
states) which can be plotted by VERSAMAP. Move through the vertical
list with the up and down cursor keys, and toggle the features on or
off with the space bar. Checkmarked features will be plotted. The
defaults plot all features. Move to Proceed and press Enter to exit
the window.
Geographic features can only be plotted using input files from the
Micro World Data Bank II database. The map files supplied with
VERSAMAP come from Micro World Data Bank II and can be used to plot
different features. Geographic features cannot be plotted using map
files from other digital map databases, such as the World Digitized.
VERSAMAP has the ability to plot as many as 9 input files, one after
the other. Features selected by accessing the Geographic Features
option in the Map Design menu only affect features plotted for the
first input file (which will be the default input file, VMAP.MAP,
until you enter a new filename in the Map Input Filenames option of
the Input/Output menu). When you enter a Micro World Data Bank II
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 18
filename in the Map Input Filenames option, VERSAMAP automatically
prompts you for the geographic features that you wish to plot for
that particular file.
Add Text to Map
You may chose the size, color, orientation, and content of text to
be entered on the map. When you select this option, a window
appears containing 6 boxes labeled Text #, Size, Color, Angle, PIC
Font, and Text. The use of each box is described below.
Text #:
VERSAMAP allows you to store 40 text strings (and their associated
size, color, angle, PIC font, and position) in memory to be recalled
later. The Text # box allows you to select the number of the text
string to be entered.
Size:
This box allows you to select the point size of the text that will
be written on the map. The fixed-space Courier font has 3 possible
sizes: 8, 10, 12 point. The proportionally spaced Helvetica font
has 6 sizes: 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, and 24 point. The height of the
font in inches is equal to the point size divided by 72. A 24 point
font has letters 1/3 inch high.
Color:
You may print text in 1 of 6 colors; white, green, cyan, red,
magenta, or yellow.
Angle:
You may print text in 1 of 4 orientations. Selecting 0 prints the
text horizontally from left to right; selecting 90 prints the text
vertically with the first letter at the bottom; selecting 180
prints the text horizontally, upside down, from right to left;
selecting 270 prints the text vertically with the first letter at
the top.
PIC Font:
The PIC Font number has no effect on maps which are not exported as
PIC files.
The text that you enter on the map will be incorporated in any Lotus
PIC graphics file that you export. Text in PIC files can be printed
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 19
in 1 or 2 fonts. These Lotus fonts are not the same as the Courier
and Helvetica fonts supplied with VERSAMAP.
The PIC Font box allows you to select the font number, 1 or 2, with
which you want the text string to be printed when you print your PIC
file. For instance, the PrintGraph utility from Lotus 1-2-3 version
2.2 allows you to chose 2 fonts from a list of 11 possible fonts
(block1, block2, bold, forum, italic1, italic2, Lotus, Roman1,
Roman2, script1, script2).
If you plan to export maps as PIC files, I recommend that you
prepare a test map annotated with both the Courier and Helvetica
fonts in all possible point sizes. Export this test map from
VERSAMAP as a PIC file, import the file into your graphics program,
and print the PIC file from within your graphics program. This will
give you an idea of the appearance of each font in its various
sizes.
Text:
Type the text that you want printed on the map in the Text box, and
press Enter to store the string. You must press Enter to save the
text string!
For maps displayed on the screen or printed with the Print Map, Save
as PCX, or Save as CGM options, a degree sign, , can be printed by
holding down the Alt key and typing the number 248 on the numeric
keypad.
To incorporate a degree sign, , into a CGM file that is to be
imported into an application running under Microsoft Windows, hold
down the Alt key and press 176 on the numeric keypad. This will
show up as a stippled block, , and an underline character, _, in
VERSAMAP, but will print a degree sign when the CGM file is printed
from within Windows.
To incorporate a degree sign, , in a map exported as a PIC file
hold down the Alt key and press 176 on the numeric keypad. This
will show up as a stippled block, , and an underline character, _,
in VERSAMAP, but will print a degree sign when the PIC file is
printed.
Text strings can have a maximum length of 56 characters. With 12
point or larger text, you may not be able to fit 56 characters
across the map.
Positioning text on the map:
After selecting the text parameters, tab to the < ok > button, and
press Enter. The window will disappear, and the text string
previously entered in the Text box will be printed in the upper left
corner of the map. The mouse or the cursor keys are used to place
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 20
the text string in the desired position on the map. The horizontal
and vertical pixel position of the cursor is continuously updated in
the upper right corner of the screen.
The menu bar is erased when you press the < ok > button. It is
replaced by a reminder that pressing Esc will restore the menus. To
access the menus again you must press Esc or click the left mouse
button on the top line of the screen. This will terminate text
addition, and reactivate the menus.
If you have a mouse, move the mouse cursor to the position at which
you want the text to appear, then press the left mouse button. The
mouse cursor represents the lower, left corner of the text string.
The text string will appear in the new position. Pressing the left
mouse button toggles the text string on and off. The program will
beep if the position you have chosen is too near the edge of the map
to print the full text string.
You can use the up, down, right, and left cursor keys to position
the text string if you do not have a mouse. The cursor position is
represented by a plus sign, +. The plus sign is not visible until
you press one of the cursor keys. The distance the cursor moves is
controlled by pressing the numbers 3, 2, or 1. Pressing the number
3, causes the cursor to move 50 pixels each time a cursor key is
pressed; pressing the number 2, causes the cursor to move 10 pixels
each time a cursor key is pressed; and pressing the number 1, causes
the cursor to move 1 pixel each time a cursor key is pressed. Once
the cursor is in the correct position, press Enter. The center of
the + represents the lower, left corner of the text string.
Pressing Enter, toggles the text string on and off. The program
will beep if the position you have chosen is too near the edge of
the map to print the full text string.
Once you have placed the text in the correct location, press Esc (or
click the left mouse button on the top line of the screen) to
terminate text addition, and reactivate the menus.
To enter a second text string on the map, press Esc to activate the
menus and select the Add Text to Map option in the Map Design menu.
Place the highlight bar over the number 2 in the Text # box, and
press Enter. Then proceed to modify the text parameters as
necessary. The second text string will print in the upper left
corner of the screen when the < OK > button is pressed; this string
will overprint any text already present in the upper left corner.
However, the original text will be restored when you move the second
text string to a new location on the screen.
Text that you enter on the map will be incorporated into maps that
you print or save using the Print Map, Save as PCX, Save as PIC, and
Save as CGM options in the Input/Output menu. Text entered on maps
is not incorporated into maps saved with the Save as ASCII option,
since most technical and business graphing programs have the ability
to annotate imported graphs.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 21
Select Font
This option allows you to select the font used to print text on the
screen. You may select a fixed-space Courier font or a
proportionally spaced Helvetica font.
The fonts used by VERSAMAP are stored in 6 files with the file
extension .FON:
COUR_CGA.FON, COUR_EGA.FON, COUR_VGA.FON
HELV_CGA.FON, HELV_EGA.FON, HELV_VGA.FON
The program will select the correct font for your video adapter.
The fonts labeled _CGA are for CGA and MCGA adapters, those labeled
_EGA for EGA and Hercules adapters, and those labeled _VGA for VGA
adapters. After making backup copies, you may delete the
unnecessary font files to save disk space.
The font files must be in the same directory as the VERSAMAP
program.
After selecting this option a window titled SELECT FONT appears.
The default font is fixed-space Courier. If this is acceptable,
press Enter. To select the Helvetica font, highlight Helvetica with
the down arrow key, and press Enter.
You may add text in both fonts to the same map. However, using both
fonts on the same map is not recommended. The length of a text
string depends on the font and point size; text which fits on a map
in one font and point size may not fit on the map in the second
font. Use only one font per map if you plan to export a map as a
.PIC or .CGM file. The .PIC and .CGM files exported by VERSAMAP
allow only 1 font to be specified, that font will be the last font
selected before exporting the file.
Display Previous Text
This option allows you to redisplay, on the screen, all previously
defined text strings. Once text is redisplayed it can only be
erased by redrawing the map.
Save Map Design
This option allows you to save the map parameters you have selected
in a configuration file for recall at a later time. After selecting
this item, a window titled SELECT FILENAME FOR CONFIGURATION FILE
appears. Type in the correct filename and press Enter. Once you
have entered the filename and pressed Enter, a second window titled
ARE YOU FINISHED EDITING THIS SCREEN will then appear. Your
configuration file will be written to disk immediately after you
press the < YES > button.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 22
Recall Map Design
This option allows you to recall a previously defined configuration
file. After selecting this item, a window titled RECALL MAP DESIGN
appears. This window contains a vertical box, listing all
configuration files (file extension .CNF) in the current directory.
Move to the desired file and press Enter to load the file into
VERSAMAP. The configuration file will be loaded immediately after
you press Enter.
VERSAMAP does not automatically display a new map when a
configuration file is loaded into the program. To display the new
map, you must manually plot the map by selecting the checkmarked
option in the Run menu. If the new map includes text, you must also
redisplay the text using the Display Previous Text option in the Map
Design menu, once you have redrawn the map.
For use with VERSAMAP, configuration files must be in the same
directory as the mapping program, VMAP.EXE.
Input/Output menu
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Projection Map Design Input/Output Run
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| Map Input Filenames |
| Report Map Parameters |
| View Disk Directory |
|-----------------------|
| Print Map |
| Select Printer |
|-----------------------|
| Save as PCX |
| Save as PIC |
| Save as CGM |
| Save as ASCII |
+-----------------------+
This menu allows you to enter filenames for input and output files,
to display a report describing the currently selected map, to view
the contents of any disk directory, to print the map on dot matrix
and laser printers, and to save maps as disk files.
You may export maps produced by VERSAMAP: (1) by copying the screen
directly to your printer; (2) as PCX graphics files; (3) as Lotus
PIC graphics files; as CGM (computer graphics metafile) graphics
files; and (5) as ASCII files.
Maps exported by methods (1) and (2) are limited by the resolution
of your monitor. Even with a VGA monitor, the screen resolution
(640 pixels horizontally, 480 pixels vertically) is fairly coarse.
Lotus PIC and CGM files are independent of monitor type and have
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 23
much greater resolution (3200 dots horizontally, 2311 dots
vertically) than PCX files. If you have a choice, export your maps
as PIC or CGM files. This is particularly true if you have a CGA or
EGA monitor. Theoretically, the most detailed maps are obtained by
saving them as ASCII files. The resolution of ASCII files produced
by VERSAMAP is limited only by the resolution of the input map
boundary files. As a practical matter, however, the detail shown on
any exported map will be limited by the resolution of the printer on
which it is finally printed.
Map Input Filenames
After selecting this item, a window appears in which the names of
the input boundary files are entered. Up to 9 map boundary input
filenames may be entered. The map boundary input files are the
files which contain the latitude, longitude coordinates that you
wish plotted on your map.
The default file name for the first input file is VMAP.MAP in the
current directory. VMAP.MAP is the world map included on the
VERSAMAP disk. The default file names of the remaining 8 map input
files are null strings (i.e. no file name). The program displays
the current path, but no filename, for input files which have not
been defined.
When the window is first displayed, the cursor is located at the end
of the first input file name. Type in the correct path name and
press Enter to accept the path name.
Symbol type, color, and size:
Once you enter a filename, a second window will appear which allows
you to specify the symbol used to plot the points in that file.
The symbol type determines whether your data is plotted as lines, as
individual points, or as crosses, squares, diamonds, or triangles.
If you select the symbol type Line, all points on a particular
polyline will be connected by straight lines. This is the default
symbol type for all files.
The other symbol types (Point, Cross, Square, Diamond, and Triangle)
allow you to superimpose individual latitude/longitude points on a
map created from a digital map database.
If you have a color monitor, VERSAMAP allows you to chose the color
of the symbols used to plot each file.
In addition, you may chose the size of the crosses, squares,
diamonds, and triangles used to plot your data. The size that you
enter is the radius of the symbol in pixels. The maximum size is 99
pixels. Size has no effect on the Line and Point symbol types,
these two types are always 1 pixel wide.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 24
Once you have entered the symbol type, color, and size for the first
input file, tab to the < ok > button and press Enter.
Geographic Features
If you select a Micro World Data Bank II input file (file extension
.ALL, .CCI, or .MAP), the program will prompt you to enter the
geographic features that you wish plotted for this file. You may
select different geographic features for each of the Micro World
Data Bank II files that you input.
Once you select Proceed on the Geographic Features list box, the
window disappears, and you are prompted for the name of the second
map input file (if any). If you wish to input a second map boundary
file, type its name and press Enter. Continue until you have
entered all of your map input files.
Once you have entered the last map input file that you wish plotted,
TAB to the next filename. Erase the current path and then press
Enter again. Entering a null filename stops further input of map
boundary input files.
The program does not require any input map boundary files. If you
do not wish to input data, erase the default path name of the first
input file and press Enter. In this case, only the map graticule
(if any) will be plotted on the screen.
VERSAMAP will accept map boundary input files from the following
public domain, shareware, and commercial digital map databases:
World Data Bank I, Micro World Data Bank II, The World Digitized,
Cartog, and USGS Digital Line Graph Data. In addition, VERSAMAP
will accept input in an ASCII text format. Section 10 contains a
detailed discussion of the various map databases that VERSAMAP
recognizes.
VERSAMAP recognizes the various databases by their file name
extensions. The file names that you enter on this screen must have
one of the extensions given in Section 10. However, the names that
you enter can have different extensions. For instance, your first
file name could be from the CARTOG database with the extension BIN,
your second file name could be from the WORLD DIGITIZED database
with the extension MPS, and your third file name could be from the
MICRO WORLD DATA BANK II database, with the extension, ALL.
Report Map Parameters
The Versamap parameter report lists various information about the
map: the projection type; the grid type; the latitude/longitude
limits of the map; the maximum/minimum values of the transformed x,y
map coordinates; scale and area errors at selected points on the
map; and the names of the map input files.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 25
The X-axis Length and Y-axis Length, listed under Relative Length of
Axes, are used to scale maps exported as ASCII file(s) to technical
and business graphics programs. The use of these two parameters is
described in Section 11.
Use the up, down, Home, and End keys to scroll through the report.
Press F1 to print the report, Esc to return to menu bar.
View Disk Directory
This window allows you to view the contents of any disk and
directory. Disk drives are indicated by the letters <drive> to the
right of the drive letter. To select a disk drive, move the
highlight bar over the drive letter and press Enter. Directories
are indicated by the letters <dir> to the right of the directory
name. To select a directory, move the highlight bar over the
directory and press Enter.
The files in the directory are listed after the last directory
listing.
Print Map
Maps displayed on the screen may be printed on dot matrix or laser
printers. When you select this item, a window titled MAP PLACEMENT
ON PAGE IN INCHES appears, which allows you to define the dimensions
and page placement of the printed map.
This option copies the entire screen, except the menu bar, to the
printer. The default settings place the map in the center of the
page, and set the width (the entire screen width) at 6 inches. The
width and height of the printed map are dependent. Adjusting the
width automatically fixes the height. Any text displayed on the map
will be printed. The grid spacing, and other information about the
printed map that you need to annotate it, can be obtained from the
Report Map Parameters option in the Input/Output menu.
Use the Tab key to move between items. To print the map, tab to the
< OK > button and press Enter. The map will begin printing
immediately after you press the < OK > button. The Print Map option
is slow! On an Epson LQ-800, 24-pin, dot matrix printer, the
default map takes 1.2 minutes to print on a 33 MHz 486 computer with
VGA, 3.3 minutes to print on a 386SX computer with VGA and a math
coprocessor, and 35 minutes to print on a 5 MHz PC with CGA and no
math coprocessor.
Press Esc to exit a map that is currently being printed.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 26
Select Printer
Before you print a map, you must select the type of printer which
will print the map. When you select Select Printer, a window titled
SELECT PRINTER TYPE AND PORT appears. You may select one of three
printer types: Epson 9- or 24-pin dot matrix, or Hewlett-Packard
LaserJet II. If your printer is not compatible with one of these
printers, select None.
You may also select the printer port. Lpt1 is the default.
Save as PCX
Before saving the map as a bit-mapped .PCX paint file, you must
specify the filename and path of the file. After selecting this
item, a window titled SELECT .PCX FILENAME appears. Type in the
correct filename and press Enter. Since the .PCX file will be
written immediately after you press Enter, the map you wish to save
must be displayed on the screen. The menu bar is not saved as part
of the file.
Maps are exported exactly as they are displayed on the VERSAMAP
screen. When you print these maps from within a paint program, you
may want to print them as black lines on a white background. You
can do this by using the color eraser (or color invert) tool of your
paint program to change the line, symbol, and text colors to black,
and the background to white.
Any text displayed on the screen (except the menu bar) will be
included in the .PCX file. If you do not want text to be included in
the .PCX file, you must erase any previously defined text strings
and redraw the map.
The grid spacing, latitude/longitude limits, and other information
that you may need to annotate the map, can be obtained from the
Report Map Parameters option in the Input/Output menu.
PCX files produced by VERSAMAP have been successfully imported into
Microsoft Paintbrush and PC Paintbrush IV Plus.
Save as PIC
Save as CGM
Before saving a map as a vector based .PIC or .CGM graphics file,
you must specify the filename and path of the file. After selecting
one of these items, a window titled SELECT .PIC FILENAME or SELECT
.CGM FILENAME appears. Type in the correct filename and press
Enter. Since the file is written as the map is being plotted on the
screen, you must select the .PIC or .CGM filename before you plot
the map. Once you have specified the filename, redisplay the map
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 27
using the Size 100% or Size 70% options in the Run menu. The file
will be written to disk as the map is drawn. The menu bar is not
saved as part of the file.
Any text strings which have been defined with the Add Text to Map
option in the Map Design menu will be included in the .PIC or .CGM
file, even if the text strings are not displayed on the screen. If
you do not want text to be included in the exported file, erase any
previously defined text strings.
To include text in a .PIC or .CGM file, perform the following steps:
(1) draw the map on the screen,
(2) annotate the map using the Add Text to Map option,
(3) select a name for the .PIC or .CGM file using the Save as
PIC or Save as CGM options, and
(4) redraw the map using the same size option (Size 100% or
Size 70%) that was used in step 1.
The file will be written to disk as the map is drawn on the screen
in step 4. Text added to the map in step 2 is not redisplayed on
the screen when the map is redrawn in step 4; however, it is
included in the .PIC or .CGM file. Select the Display Previous Text
option in the Map Design menu to redisplay text previously added to
a map.
The grid spacing, latitude/longitude limits, and other information
that you may need to annotate the map, can be obtained from the
Report Map Parameters option in the Input/Output menu.
PIC files produced by VERSAMAP have been successfully imported into
the PrintGraph utility of Lotus 1-2-3, versions 2.01 and 2.2;
WordPerfect for DOS, versions 5.0 and 5.1; DrawPerfect, version 1.1;
MS Word for Windows 2.0; and Freelance Plus, versions 2.0 and 3.01.
Many PIC files produced by VERSAMAP are too large to import into
Freelance.
CGM files produced by VERSAMAP have been successfully imported into
WordPerfect for DOS, versions 5.0 and 5.1; DrawPerfect, version 1.1;
MS Word for Windows 2.0; Freelance Plus, version 3.01; Harvard
Graphics for DOS versions 2.3 and 3.0; and CorelDRAW version 2.0.
Many CGM files produced by VERSAMAP are too large to import into
Harvard Graphics 2.3 and CorelDRAW.
Save as ASCII
This option allows the transformed x,y map coordinates to be
exported to technical or business graphing programs which can plot
large data sets (see section 11, Use of VERSAMAP with Graphing
Programs). After selecting this option, a window titled SELECT
ASCII MAP OR GRID OUTPUT appears. This window allows you to chose
one of two items: (1) Output map data in ASCII format, or (2) Output
grid data in ASCII format.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 28
To output your map as a series of ASCII files, perform the following
steps:
(1) draw the map on the screen,
(2) name each of the ASCII output files by selecting the Output
map data in ASCII format item from the SELECT ASCII MAP OR
GRID OUTPUT window,
(3) name each of the ASCII grid files by selecting the Output
grid data in ASCII format item from the SELECT ASCII MAP OR
GRID OUTPUT window,
(4) redraw the map using the same size option (Size 100% or
Size 70%) that was used in step 1.
The file(s) will be written to disk as the map is drawn on the
screen in step 4. The Save as ASCII option does not export text
defined with the Add Text to Map option. Text displayed on the
screen is ignored when the x,y map data is written to disk.
Output map data in ASCII format:
After selecting this item, a window titled ENTER FILENAMES FOR MAP
OUTPUT FILES appears in which the names of any ASCII output files
that you wish to write to disk are entered.
VERSAMAP will transform the latitude, longitude coordinates from the
map boundary input files into planar x,y map coordinates and output
them to disk in ASCII format. These output files can be imported
into graphing programs for the production of publication quality
maps. The use of the ASCII output map files in graphing programs is
discussed in Section 11.
The program will output up to 9 files, one for each of the map
boundary input files. You may choose any path names for these
files.
Output files are not required by VERSAMAP. If you do not want to
print a particular output file to disk, erase any characters in the
file name, and press Enter.
To enter an output file name, TAB to the filename you wish to edit,
type in the path name and press Enter. The cursor will then move to
the next output file name.
Each output file corresponds to the input file of the same number.
For instance, if you have 5 input files, the fifth output file will
contain the transformed latitude/longitude coordinates from the
fifth input file.
If you decide to print a particular output file, you do not need to
print the output files corresponding to the other input files. For
instance, if you have 3 input files, you can print the output files
corresponding to the first and third input files, but not the second
input file. Input a null string for any output file that you do not
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 29
want to print to disk (i.e. erase any characters in the file
specification and press Enter).
Data records in the ASCII map output files have the following
format.
X coordinate | space (ASCII 32) | Y coordinate |
carriage return (ASCII 13) | line feed (ASCII 10)
Data in most digital map databases is organized as polylines; each
polyline corresponds to a series of points which can be connected by
straight lines. In the map output files, the beginning of each new
polyline is indicated by a dummy point in which the x and y
coordinates are both equal to 5.000000 (5 times the maximum x
coordinate of 1.000000). In a map output file, any point with an x
coordinate of 5.000000 is a dummy point which indicates the
beginning of a new polyline, and which will plot outside the
boundaries of the map.
Output grid data in ASCII format:
After selecting this item, a window titled ENTER FILENAMES FOR
GRATICULE OUTPUT FILES appears in which the names of any ASCII
output graticule files that you wish to write to disk are entered.
VERSAMAP will transform the latitude/longitude coordinates of the
grid type that you have selected into planar x,y map coordinates and
output them to disk in ASCII format. These output grid files can be
imported into graphing programs for the production of publication
quality maps. The use of ASCII output grid files in graphing
programs is discussed in Section 11.
The program will output 1 or 2 grid files, depending on the
graticule type that you chose. You may choose any path names for
these files.
Output grid files are not required by VERSAMAP. If you do not want
to print a particular grid file to disk, erase any characters in the
file name, and press Enter.
To enter a grid file name, TAB to the file to be edited, type in the
path name and press Enter. The cursor will then move to the next
grid file name (if there is one), or to the next screen.
In most cases, a single grid file will be written to disk. The only
exception, the OUTSIDE BOUNDARY PLUS INTERIOR POINTS grid type,
writes two files to disk: the first file contains the interior
points, the second the outside boundary.
Grid files have the same record format as the map boundary files
listed in the previous section.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 30
Run menu
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Projection Map Design Input/Output Run
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| Size 100% |
| Size 70% |
+-----------+
This menu contains 2 items. Selecting Size 100% will plot the
largest possible map on the screen. Selecting Size 70% will plot a
smaller map with margins around all sides. The Size 70% option
allows you to add text in the margins of the map without writing
over the map itself.
Your map will begin plotting immediately after either item is
selected. The program will cease plotting and return to the menu
bar if Esc is pressed while the map is being drawn.
10. Sources of Digital Map Data for use with VERSAMAP
VERSAMAP will generate maps from the following databases, available
commercially, as shareware, or in the public domain. In addition,
the program will accept input in a simple ASCII format. VERSAMAP
recognizes the various databases by their file extensions. The two
most complete databases are Micro World Data Bank II and the World
Digitized, both of which are available from shareware disk vendors.
World Data Bank I
File extension DAT
A database containing 79,000 latitude, longitude points. Data are
stored as 20 character ASCII records on 5, 5.25 inch, 360K disks
which are available from the National Technical Information Service,
United States Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, VA 22161.
Micro World Data Bank II
File extensions PNT, ALL, CCI, MAP
A database in the public domain containing 178,068 latitude,
longitude points. Latitude and longitude are rounded to the nearest
minute and stored as six byte binary records. The complete database
is available on 5, 5.25 inch, 360K disks from shareware disk vendors
such as: Big Byte Software, P.O. Box 14008, Arlington, Texas 76094;
Gemini Marketing, Inc., P.O. Box 640, Duvall, Washington 98019; and
The Software Labs, 3767 Overland Ave. #112-115, Los Angeles,
California 90034.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 31
VMAP.MAP and VMAPFAST.MAP, the digital map files on the VERSAMAP
disk, and the map files, MWDB3.ALL and MWDB5.ALL, included with the
registered version of VERSAMAP are part of Micro World Data Bank II
(MWDB-II).
VERSAMAP allows you to plot any of the following geographical
features from MWDB-II: coastlines, islands, lakes, rivers,
countries, states.
MWDB-II contains two sets of digital map files. The first set has
the file extension .ALL or .CCI. These files include data for all
geographic features; they differ in the total number of
latitude/longitude points included in each file. The second set of
MWDB-II files has file extension .PNT. Each .PNT file contains
points from only 1 geographic feature.
Micro World Data Bank II Files
Filename Size(bytes) # Points Comment
MWDB1.ALL 1,068,408 178,068 The entire database
MWDB2.ALL 652,428 108,738
MWDB3.ALL 156,960 26,160
MWDB4.ALL 82,080 13,680
MWDB5.ALL 25,890 4,315
MWDB5.CCI 17,988 2,998
COAST.PNT 449,802 74,967 Coastlines
ISLAND.PNT 211,026 35,171 Islands
LAKE.PNT 90,708 15,118 Lakes
RIVER.PNT 169,164 28,194 Rivers
COUNTRY.PNT 134,154 22,359 Country borders
STATE.PNT 13,554 2,259 U.S. state borders
The mapping programs, Expert Maps and Finger Maps, contain a digital
map named WORLD.MAP. This map is a copy of the map file MWDB3.ALL
from MWDB-II, and can be used in VERSAMAP.
The World Digitized
File extensions MPS, MP1
A shareware database containing 100,000 latitude, longitude points
rounded to thousandths of a degree. The database is available on 3,
5.25 inch, 360K disks (in both binary and ASCII format) from
shareware disk vendors.
The World Digitized database is subdivided into directories, one
directory for each continent. This useful feature reduces plotting
time since the user can select only those areas he wishes to map.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 32
Each of the World Digitized directories contains 2 or more map
files. If you wish to plot the entire World Digitized database from
VERSAMAP, you will have to concatenate the individual .MPS(binary)
or .MP1(ASCII) files, since VERSAMAP will not accept more than 9
input files. The VERSAMAP disks contain 2 files, VMAP_FIX.MPS and
VMAP_FIX.MP1, which must be used to concatenate World Digitized
files for use with VERSAMAP. These 2 files, VMAP_FIX.MPS and
VMAP_FIX.MP1, force a line break at the end of each World Digitized
file when it is concatenated.
For example, to concatenate the World Digitized binary .MPS files in
the Europe subdirectory for use with VERSAMAP, use the following
form of the DOS copy command:
COPY /B E0.MPS+VMAP_FIX.MPS+E1.MPS+VMAP_FIX.MPS+E2.MPS+
VMAP_FIX.MPS+E3.MPS EUROPE.MPS
where EUROPE.MPS is the concatenated file.
A similar procedure (without the /B switch) is used to concatenate
the World Digitized ASCII .MP1 files for use with VERSAMAP:
COPY E0.MP1+VMAP_FIX.MP1+E1.MP1+VMAP_FIX.MP1+E2.MP1+
VMAP_FIX.MP1+E3.MP1 EUROPE.MP1
Spurious diagonal lines will be plotted if you do not insert the
VMAP_FIX.MPS or VMAP_FIX.MP1 files between the World Digitized files
when they are concatenated for use with VERSAMAP.
Cartog
File extension BIN
The mapping program CARTOG (Byte Magazine, page 329, December 1987)
includes the database WORLDMED. This database contains 15,000
latitude, longitude points rounded to hundredths of a degree and
stored as 6 byte binary records. The mapping program and the
WORLDMED database are available on disk from Byte Magazine.
The authors of CARTOG also sell a larger map database, WORLDBIG,
which contains 95,000 points. Details and price are on the CARTOG
disk.
USGS Digital Line Graph Data
File extension GRF
A database on CD-ROM containing detailed maps of all 50 states. The
database divides the United States into 21 sections. The digital
data for each section is further divided into files (.GRF file
extension) representing the following major categories: (1) streams
and rivers, (2) coastlines and lakes, (3) roads, (4), railroads, (5)
political boundaries, (6) administrative boundaries, (7) cultural
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 33
features, and (8) hypsography. The map data in each individual .GRF
file contains many, minor categories of data characterized by the
size of the geographic feature.
The database can be ordered from the Earth Science Information
Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 507 National Center, Reston, VA
22092. Phone number: 1-800-USA-MAPS.
The present version of VERSAMAP does not have the ability to extract
minor categories of data from the individual .GRF files. It will
only plot the entire .GRF file. Future versions of VERSAMAP will
have the ability to extract minor categories of data from the .GRF
files.
Importing Your Own Data into VERSAMAP
File extension PRN
In addition to the above file formats, VERSAMAP will also accept
latitude, longitude values in the following ASCII format. The line
header field is used to indicate the beginning of each new polyline;
-1 indicates the beginning of a new polyline, 0 indicates subsequent
points within the polyline.
Latitude and longitude are entered as decimal degrees; negative
values represent South latitude or West longitude. Use the
following formula to convert latitude and longitudes given as
degrees, minutes, and seconds to decimal degrees:
Decimal lat/lon = degrees + minutes/60 + seconds/3600
For example, the decimal position for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22
degrees, 53 minutes, 43 seconds south latitude; 43 degrees, 13
minutes, 22 seconds west longitude) is:
Decimal latitude = -(22 + 53/60 + 43/3600) = -22.8953
Decimal longitude = -(43 + 13/60 + 22/3600) = -43.2228
The decimal position for Paris, France (48 degrees, 50 minutes, 14
seconds north latitude; 2 degrees, 20 minutes, 14 seconds east
longitude) is:
Decimal latitude = +(48 + 50/60 + 14/3600) = +48.8372
Decimal longitude = +( 2 + 20/60 + 14/3600) = + 2.3372
Decimal latitude and longitudes, input into VERSAMAP, are rounded to
the nearest second. The program cannot distinguish between
positions less than 101 feet (31 meters, 1 second of latitude)
apart.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 34
Record Format for User Supplied Data
field #1 - line header: -1 for new polyline
0 for point within polyline
field separator: one or more spaces (ASCII 32)
field #2 - latitude: decimal degrees, south latitude is
negative
field separator: one or more spaces (ASCII 32)
field #3 - longitude: decimal degrees, west longitude is
negative
end of record: carriage return (ASCII 13),
line feed (ASCII 10)
Records with this format can be generated by most word processors,
text editors, and spreadsheets.
The file VMAPUSER.PRN on the VERSAMAP disk is a short file using the
above ASCII format. The file contains 6 individual points in the
Pacific and Atlantic Oceans which plot as points; plus 5 points in
the Indian Ocean which plot as a box when the points are connected
by lines. You can use VMAPUSER.PRN to study the appearance of the
different symbol shapes, sizes, and colors that VERSAMAP can plot.
To plot the file, (1) select the Map Input Filenames option in the
Input/Output menu; (2) erase the default map name, VMAP.MAP; (3)
type VMAPUSER.PRN for the filename; (4) and press Enter. When the
window titled ENTER SYMBOL TYPE, COLOR, & SIZE appears, (1) select
symbol type Open square; (2) the color yellow; (3) size 03 pixels;
and (4) press Enter on the < OK > button. When asked for the next
filename, erase the pathname and press Enter to end filename input.
To display the file, select the Size 100% option in the Run menu.
The screen will show 10 individual points, marked by yellow squares.
The box in the Indian Ocean plotted as 4 individual points, because
all symbol types, except Line, plot as points.
To plot the Indian Ocean points as a box, repeat the above steps,
but choose symbol type Line. In this case, the first six individual
points plot as yellow dots, 1 pixel in size; but the last 5 points
in the Indian Ocean are connected by lines, and plot as a rectangle.
To view the contents of VMAPUSER.PRN, type the following command at
the DOS prompt and press Enter (the word TYPE is part of the
command).
TYPE VMAPUSER.PRN
Comments may be added to each line of the file after the last digit
of longitude; however, the comment must not contain blank spaces or
commas.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 35
11. Use of VERSAMAP with Graphing Programs
VERSAMAP can be used to prepare publication quality maps in
conjunction with suitable graphing programs. To be useful in
preparing maps, a graphing program should be able to:
a) handle large data sets;
b) use more than 1 data set per graph;
c) physically separate the x and y axes, so that they do
not show on the figure;
d) connect individual points on the graph with lines; and
e) exclude data which exceeds the X- and Y-axis limits.
To print a map using a graphing program, import the map grid and the
output map boundary files into the program.
If there are two map grid files, the points in the first map grid
file should be plotted as dots, and the points in the second map
grid file should be connected by lines. If there is only one map
grid file, you can connect the grid points by lines or not,
depending on how you want the graticule to appear.
The X- and Y-axes are scaled using the values of X-axis Length and
Y-axis Length listed under Relative Length of Axes on the VERSAMAP
Parameter Report. The relative X-axis Length is defined as 1.000000
for all maps; the relative Y-axis Length may be less than or greater
than unity, depending on the projection and graticule chosen.
Starting values of the X- and Y-axes should be set at 0. The ending
values of the X- and Y-axes will depend on your graphing program,
but in general they will one or both of the values listed under
Relative Length of Axes on the VERSAMAP Parameter Report.
You should configure the graphing program for data clipping (i.e.
exclude points which lie outside the limits of the X- and Y-axes).
This will prevent the dummy points (X = 5.000000), which indicate
new polylines (see Section 9, Map Output Filenames), from being
plotted.
Map and grid output files produced by VERSAMAP have been
successfully imported into the technical graphing programs, Grapher
and SigmaPlot. For use with SigmaPlot, dummy points (X,Y =
5.000000) which indicate line breaks in map output files must be
converted to dashes (X,Y = --------), indicating missing data,
before the files are imported into SigmaPlot. Changing the dummy
points from 5.000000 to -------- can be done using the replace
command in Edlin or the search and replace command in a word
processor.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 36
12. Program Compatibility
Compatibility With Other Software
VERSAMAP has been tested successfully on computers running under DOS
versions 3.30, 4.01, and 5.00. VERSAMAP should run on any computer
with DOS 3.0 or higher.
Map output files produced by VERSAMAP have been successfully
imported into the following programs.
File Imported Successfully
Program Version PCX PIC CGM ASCII
CorelDRAW 2.0 yes yes yes
DrawPerfect 1.1 yes yes yes
Freelance Plus 3.01, 2.0 yes yes
Grapher 1.75 yes
Harvard Graphics 3.0, 2.3 yes
Lotus 123, PrintGraph 2.2, 2.01 yes
Microsoft Paintbrush 2.0 yes
Microsoft Word 2.0 yes yes yes
PC Paintbrush IV Plus yes
SigmaPlot yes
WordPerfect 5.1, 5.0 yes yes
PIC and CGM files produced by VERSAMAP are often too large to import
into Freelance Plus, Harvard Graphics 2.3, and CorelDRAW 2.0.
Hardware Compatibility
VERSAMAP has been tested successfully on the following computer
systems. The last column gives the time required to plot the
default world map, VMAP.MAP, on each system.
Micro- DOS CPU Monitor Disk Math Co- Time
processor Version MHz Type processor (min)
8088 3.30 4.8 CGA,Herc Floppy No 15.1
80286 3.30 12 EGA Hard Yes 0.60
80286 3.30 16 EGA Hard No 1.71
80386sx 4.01 16 VGA Hard Yes 0.58
80386sx 5.00 16 VGA Hard No 1.76
80386 5.00 25 VGA Hard No 1.01
80486 5.00 33 VGA Hard Yes 0.14
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 37
VERSAMAP has been tested successfully on systems with CGA, Hercules,
EGA, and VGA adapters and monitors. The program runs in high
resolution CGA mode (640 x 200 pixels) on computers equipped with
MCGA adapters.
Several users have reported that previous versions of VERSAMAP will
not run in VGA mode on computer systems equipped with both VGA and
Hercules graphics adapters. The present version of VERSAMAP has
been modified to run in EGA mode (640 x 350 pixels) when it detects
the presence of both VGA and Hercules graphics adapters. This seems
to fix the problem, but it is not clear if the problem occurs in all
computers, or only some. If you have a computer with both VGA and
Hercules graphics adapters installed, I will be glad to send you a
version of VERSAMAP that attempts to run in VGA mode when both
adapters are present.
Maps displayed by VERSAMAP have been printed successfully on the
following printers with the Print Map option.
9-pin dot matrix: Brother M-1709, M-1809; Okidata u93 Microline;
IBM Proprinter, -Proprinter II
24-pin dot matrix: Epson LQ-500, LQ-800.
InkJet: HP DeskJet 500C
Laser: HP LaserJet-II, -IID, -III, IIIp, -IIIsi.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 38
13. Acknowledgements
To save disk space, the VERSAMAP mapping program, VMAP.EXE, has been
compressed with the PKLITE Professional executable file compressor.
When you run VMAP.EXE by typing VMAP at the DOS prompt, the program
will automatically expand as it loads into memory.
VERSAMAP uses the Hercules graphics driver, MSHERC.COM, and the font
files, COURA.FON, COURB.FON, COURE.FON, HELVA.FON, HELVB.FON,
HELVE.FON, supplied with Microsoft BASIC 7.0. Portions(C) 1982-1989
Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
VERSAMAP uses routines from the PCX Programmer's Toolkit, Copyright
(c) Genus Microprogramming, Inc. 1988-1990.
VERSAMAP uses the QuickWindows Advanced User Interface Library which
is Copyrighted 1990 by Software Interphase, Inc.
The boundary files, VMAP.MAP and VMAPFAST.MAP, are the files
MWDB4.ALL and MWDB5.CCI from the Micro World Data Bank II, a digital
map database placed in the Public Domain by Fred Pospeschil and
Antonio Riveria.
CorelDRAW is copyrighted by Corel Systems Corporation. Brother is
a registered trademark of Brother Industries, Ltd. Epson is a
registered trademark of Epson America, Inc. Expert Maps is a
trademark of Expert Software. Finger Maps is Copyrighted by Poisson
Technology. Grapher is a trademark of Golden Software, Inc.
Harvard Graphics is a registered trademark of Software Publishing
Corporation. Hewlett-Packard is a registered trademark of Hewlett-
Packard Company. Hercules is a registered trademark of Hercules
Computer Technology. IBM is a registered trademark of International
Business Machines Corporation. Lotus, 1-2-3, and Freelance are
registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation. Microsoft
is a registered trademark, and Microsoft Windows is a trademark of
the Microsoft Corporation. Okidata is a registered trademark of Oki
America Inc. PC Paintbrush is a registered trademark of ZSoft
Corporation. PKUNZIP is a registered trademark, and PKLITE
Professional is a trademark of PKWARE Inc. SigmaPlot is a trademark
of Jandel Corporation. WordPerfect and DrawPerfect are registered
trademarks of WordPerfect Corporation.
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 39
14. Registration and Comments (version 1.20)
Registration fee: United States and Canada - $15
Other countries - $20
Make checks payable to Charles Culberson. Persons living outside
the United States can register VERSAMAP by obtaining a Postal Money
Order payable in U.S. dollars from their National Post Office; or by
personal check in their local currency at the current exchange rate.
Send registration or comments to:
Charles Culberson
8 Ritter Lane
Newark, DE 19711
USA
------------------------- Registration -------------------------
Date: __________________________________________________________
Where did you obtain VERSAMAP? _________________________________
Your Name: _____________________________________________________
Address: _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Please circle the floppy disk size that you would like the VERSAMAP
files supplied on:
5.25" 360K 5.25" 1.2M 3.5" 720K 3.5" 1.4M
--------------------------- Comments ---------------------------
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 40
15. Index
Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 39
Add Text to Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 19, 21, 28, 29
Albers equal-area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 14, 17
ALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 25, 31, 32, 39
Alt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 7, 8, 10, 11, 20
ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 21, 23-26, 28-35, 37
Aspect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 15
Association of Shareware Professionals. . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 4
BIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 33
Boundary file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Cartog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 25, 33
CCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 31, 32, 39
CGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 22, 24, 26, 37, 38
CGM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 20-24, 27, 28, 37
CNF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Coastlines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 32, 33
Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 19, 24, 25, 27, 35
Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 37
Computer graphics metafile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Configuration file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23
Conic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-14, 17
CorelDRAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 37, 39
Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 18, 32, 40
Courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 19, 20, 22
DAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Data clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Decimal degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 35
Defaults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 7, 11, 18
Digital Line Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 25, 33
Digital map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3, 18, 24, 25, 30-32, 39
Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7, 22-24, 26, 32
Disk directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26
Display Previous Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 22, 23, 28
DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 4-8, 10, 28, 33, 35, 37, 39
Dot matrix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 23, 26, 27, 38
DrawPerfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 37, 39
EGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 22, 24, 37, 38
Equal-area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-15, 17
Equatorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-15
Equidistant conic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 13, 17
Equirectangular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-13, 17
Error message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 11, 16, 17
Esc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 7-10, 12, 21, 26, 31
Exit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 8-10, 12, 18, 26
Export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 20, 22-24, 29
F1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Filenames . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 19, 23, 24, 29, 30, 35, 36
FON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 6, 22, 39
Font. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 16, 19, 20, 22, 39
Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 25, 28-32, 34, 35
Freelance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 37, 39
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 41
Geographic Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 18, 19, 25, 32
Gnomonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 14
Grapher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37, 39
Graphing programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 21, 28-30, 36
Graticule Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 18, 30
GRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 34
Grid file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 36
Grid type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 25, 30
Hammer (-Aitoff) equal-area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 15
Harvard Graphics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 37, 39
Helvetica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 19, 20, 22
Hercules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 22, 38, 39
Import. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 28, 36, 37
Input fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Input/Output menu . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 18, 21, 23, 26-28, 35
Installing VERSAMAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 4
Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 18, 32
Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 32, 33
Lambert azimuthal equal-area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 15
Lambert conformal conic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 14, 17
Laser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 23, 26, 38
Latitude. . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 7-11, 13, 14, 16-18, 24, 25, 27-35
Letter B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 10
Letter T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 10
List box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 25
Longitude . . . . . . . . . .1, 2, 7-11, 15, 16, 18, 24, 25, 27-35
Lotus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 20, 23, 28, 37, 39
MAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3, 6-14, 16-39
Map Boundaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Map Design menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 16, 18, 21, 23, 28
Map Input Filenames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 19, 23, 24, 35
Math coprocessor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 8, 26
MCGA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 22, 38
Menu bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10, 12, 21, 26-28, 31
Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 7, 8, 10, 12, 21
Mercator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 11-13, 16
Micro World Data Bank II. . . . . . . . .1, 11, 18, 25, 31, 32, 39
Microsoft Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 39
Microsoft Word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 7, 10, 20, 21
MP1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 32, 33
MPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 25, 32, 33
Ombudsman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Output file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 30
Output grid data in ASCII format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 30
Output map data in ASCII format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 29
Paintbrush. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 37, 39
PCX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 37, 39
PIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 19-24, 27, 28, 37
PIC font. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 20
PKUNZIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 39
PNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 32
Point size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 22
Polar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-15
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 42
Polyline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 30, 34, 35
Print Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 21, 23, 26, 38
Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 23, 24, 26, 27
Printer port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
PrintGraph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 28, 37
PRN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 34, 35
Projection menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8, 10, 12
Pull-down menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 7, 10, 12
Pushbutton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Recall Map Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 23
Registration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3, 40
Report Map Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23, 25-28
Rivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 18, 32, 33
Run menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 7, 12, 23, 28, 31, 35
Save as ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 23, 28, 29
Save as CGM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 21, 23, 27, 28
Save as PCX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 21, 23, 27
Save as PIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 23, 27
Save Map Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 22
Select Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 22
Select Printer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 27
Self-extracting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Shareware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5, 25, 31, 32
SigmaPlot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37, 39
Size 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7, 28, 29, 31, 35
Size 70%. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 29, 31
Sources of digital map data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 31
Standard Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 18
States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 18, 31-33, 40
Symbol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 25, 27, 35
Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 17, 18, 20, 25, 26, 29, 30
Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 11, 16, 19-23, 25-29, 31, 35
Text #. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 21
U.S. Geological Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 34
User supplied data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 35
USGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 25, 33
VGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 22, 23, 26, 37, 38
View Disk Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26
VMAPUSER.PRN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 35
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 10, 11, 20, 28, 39
WordPerfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 37, 39
World Data Bank I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 25, 31
World Digitized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 18, 25, 31-33
X-axis Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 36
Y-axis Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 36
ZIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5
VMAP.DOC version 1.20 Page 43